object: graph: replace switching-consumer pattern with dedicated graph processing thread

Signed-off-by: Stephen Gutekanst <stephen@hexops.com>

src/graph.zig

@@ -104,8 +104,8 @@ const Op = union(enum) {
 /// graph as /operations/ enqueued to a lock-free Multi Producer, Single Consumer (MPSC) FIFO queue.
 ///
 /// When an operation is desired (adding a parent to a child, querying the children or parent of a
-/// node, etc.) it is enqueued. Then, if the queue contains entries, that thread becomes the
-/// consumer of the MPSC queue temporarily and processes all pending operations in the queue.
+/// node, etc.) it is enqueued. Then, a background thread processes all pending operations. Atomics
+/// are used to wait for reads to complete, and parallel writes are lock-free.
 ///
 /// The graph uses lock-free pools to manage all nodes internally, eliminating runtime allocations
 /// during operation processing.
@@ -130,7 +130,15 @@ pub const Graph = struct {
 
     preallocate_result_list_size: u32,
 
+    /// Thread that processes operations from the queue
+    thread: ?std.Thread = null,
+
+    /// Flag to signal the processing thread to stop
+    should_stop: std.atomic.Value(bool) = .init(false),
+
     /// Initialize the graph with the given pre-allocated space for nodes and operations.
+    ///
+    /// Spawns a backgroound thread for processing operations to the graph.
     pub fn init(
         graph: *Graph,
         allocator: std.mem.Allocator,
@@ -173,9 +181,13 @@ pub const Graph = struct {
             try list.ensureTotalCapacity(allocator, preallocate.result_list_size);
             try graph.result_lists.available.append(allocator, list);
         }
+
+        graph.thread = try std.Thread.spawn(.{ .allocator = allocator }, processThread, .{ graph, allocator });
     }
 
     pub fn deinit(graph: *Graph, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) void {
+        graph.should_stop.store(true, .release);
+        graph.thread.?.join();
         for (graph.result_lists.available.items) |list| {
             list.deinit(allocator);
             allocator.destroy(list);
@@ -193,20 +205,12 @@ pub const Graph = struct {
         return graph.id_to_node.map.get(id);
     }
 
-    /// Tries to take all queued operations to the graph and, if successful, processes them.
-    ///
-    /// A different thread which calls processQueue() may beat us to acquiring all of the queued
-    /// operations, in which case this function may return before they are processed.
-    fn processQueue(graph: *Graph, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) void {
-        if (graph.queue.takeAll()) |nodes| {
-            defer graph.queue.releaseAll(nodes);
-
-            // Process the entire chain of nodes
-            var current: ?*Queue(Op).Node = nodes;
-            while (current) |node| {
-                graph.processOp(allocator, node.value);
-                current = node.next;
-            }
+    /// The thread that runs continuously in the background to process queue submissions.
+    fn processThread(graph: *Graph, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) void {
+        while (!graph.should_stop.load(.acquire)) {
+            // Process the entire queue
+            while (graph.queue.pop()) |op| graph.processOp(allocator, op);
+            std.Thread.yield() catch {};
         }
     }
 
@@ -316,7 +320,6 @@ pub const Graph = struct {
             .parent_id = parent_id,
             .child_id = child_id,
         } });
-        graph.processQueue(allocator);
     }
 
     pub fn removeChild(graph: *Graph, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, parent_id: u64, child_id: u64) Error!void {
@@ -325,7 +328,6 @@ pub const Graph = struct {
             .parent_id = parent_id,
             .child_id = child_id,
         } });
-        graph.processQueue(allocator);
     }
 
     pub fn setParent(graph: *Graph, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, child_id: u64, parent_id: u64) Error!void {
@@ -335,14 +337,12 @@ pub const Graph = struct {
             .child_id = child_id,
             .parent_id = parent_id,
         } });
-        graph.processQueue(allocator);
     }
 
     pub fn removeParent(graph: *Graph, allocator: std.mem.Allocator, child_id: u64) Error!void {
         try graph.queue.push(allocator, .{ .remove_parent = .{
             .child_id = child_id,
         } });
-        graph.processQueue(allocator);
     }
 
     const Results = struct {
@@ -374,7 +374,6 @@ pub const Graph = struct {
         } });
 
         while (!done.load(.acquire)) {
-            graph.processQueue(allocator);
             std.Thread.yield() catch {};
         }
 
@@ -429,7 +428,6 @@ pub const Graph = struct {
         } });
 
         while (!done.load(.acquire)) {
-            graph.processQueue(allocator);
             std.Thread.yield() catch {};
         }